The English text in this book is based on the translation of William Ames's Latin work published in London in 1642. This guide explains two ways in which its English differs from modern usage.
Hence is fulnesse of terrors of conscience, and fulnesse of sinne, for the damned doe sin,
e. Spelling was less uniform than it is today. The same sentence contains both sinne and sin, now both written sin. Modern fullness has no final e and has two ls. Doe is an older spelling of do.i/j and u/v. This edition uses Iesus and Iustice for Jesus and Justice, and Vnion for Union. Printers could use v for a vowel at the start of a word and u for a consonant within a word.ſ). This old form of s resembles an f. The digital transcription continues the sentence with will fin, which makes sense in context as will sin. A long s may have been misread as an f.The third-person singular present forms doth and hath, still familiar from the King James Version, also occur in prose of the period. In the preface, it doth more enlighten uses doth where modern English would use does, and the Reader hath alwayes uses hath for has. In plain modern English, it doth more enlighten means it gives more light.
In the damned doe sin, the subject the damned is plural, so the verb is doe. The difference between doe and do is one of spelling. Doth and does are historical and modern forms of the same third-person singular verb.
이 책의 영어 본문은 윌리엄 에임스의 라틴어 저술을 옮긴 1642년 런던 간행본에 바탕을 둔다. 오늘날의 영어와 다른 점을 철자와 문법으로 나누어 살펴보자.
Hence is fulnesse of terrors of conscience, and fulnesse of sinne, for the damned doe sin,
e 당시에는 오늘날보다 철자가 덜 통일되어, 같은 단어도 여러 형태로 적힐 수 있었다. 위 문장 안에서도 sinne과 sin이 함께 나온다. 현대 철자로는 둘 다 sin이다. fulnesse는 오늘날 fullness로 쓰며, 끝의 e가 빠지고 l이 두 개가 된다. doe는 현대의 do이다.i/j와 u/v의 구분 이 판본의 Iesus와 Iustice는 현대의 Jesus와 Justice이다. Vnion은 현대의 Union이다. 당시 인쇄에서는 오늘날과 달리 낱말 첫머리에 모음 u를 v로, 낱말 안에서 자음 v를 u로 적는 관행도 있었다.ſ)와 판독 긴 s는 옛 인쇄에서 쓰던 s의 형태로, f와 비슷하게 보인다. 위 문장의 뒷부분은 디지털 원문에 will fin으로 전사되어 있으나, 문맥에서는 ‘계속 죄를 지을 것이다’라는 뜻의 will sin으로 읽힌다. 긴 s를 f로 읽었을 가능성이 있다.킹제임스 성경(KJV)에도 남아 있는 doth와 hath는 당시 산문에서도 쓰인 3인칭 단수 현재형이다. 이 책의 서문에서 it doth more enlighten의 doth는 현대의 does, the Reader hath alwayes의 hath는 현대의 has에 해당한다. it doth more enlighten을 오늘날의 평이한 영어로 쓰면 it gives more light가 된다.
반면 위 본문 예문의 the damned doe sin에서는 the damned가 복수이므로 doe를 썼다. doe와 do의 차이는 철자에 있고, doth와 does의 차이는 같은 문법적 자리에 쓰이는 동사 형태에 있다.
서문과 본문에 실제로 나오는 표기를 골라 알파벳순으로 정리했다. 괄호 안은 오늘날의 대응 형태이다.
Selected forms attested in the preface and main text, in alphabetical order. Modern equivalents appear in parentheses.
aboundance (abundance), adjoyned (adjoined), againe (again), alwayes (always), anie (any), appeare (appear), auncient (ancient), bee (be), beleeve (believe), betweene (between), bloud (blood), booke (book), borne (born), certaine (certain), chiefe (chief), cleerly (clearly), comming (coming), compleat (complete), concerne (concern), counsell (counsel), dayes (days), deale (deal), deepe (deep), doe (do), drawne (drawn), eare (ear), eares (ears), easie (easy), edifie (edify), effectuall (effectual), entred (entered), equall (equal), eternall (eternal), evill (evil), expresse (express), externall (external), faithfull (faithful), faithfulnesse (faithfulness), farre (far), feare (fear), feele (feel), finde (find), firme (firm), fitnesse (fitness), foreseene (foreseen), forme (form), formes (forms), freedome (freedom), fulnesse (fullness), gaine (gain), generall (general), goe (go), goodnesse (goodness), grievousnesse (grievousness), happinesse (happiness), heare (hear), hee (he), helpe (help), helpes (helps), himselfe (himself), holinesse (holiness), houre (hour), Ierusalem (Jerusalem), Iesus (Jesus), Iewes (Jews), Iohn (John), Ioy (Joy), Iudge (Judge), Iudgement (Judgment), Iustice (Justice), Iustification (Justification), joyne (join), joyned (joined), joyntly (jointly), keepe (keep), kingdome (kingdom), lawes (laws), lawfull (lawful), layd (laid), learne (learn), leasure (leisure), lesse (less), lightnesse (lightness), lyar (liar), lye (lie), mariage (marriage), maried (married), meane (mean), meanes (means), meete (meet), mercie (mercy), minde (mind), mortall (mortal), neere (near), neerest (nearest), obdience (obedience), onely (only), originall (original), owne (own), paines (pains), passe (pass), perfit (perfect), perfited (perfected), personall (personal), pertaine (pertain), physicall (physical), plaine (plain), politick (politic), possesse (possess), practicall (practical), principall (principal), priviledge (privilege), publick (public), publickly (publicly), reall (real), remaine (remain), righteousnesse (righteousness), roote (root), scandall (scandal), seale (seal), seeke (seek), seene (seen), selfe (self), shew (show), shewed (showed), shewes (shows), sinne (sin), solemne (solemn), sonne (son), sonnes (sons), soule (soul), soules (souls), speciall (special), spirituall (spiritual), temporall (temporal), thankefull (thankful), thankfulnesse (thankfulness), uncleannesse (uncleanness), unlawfull (unlawful), unlesse (unless), usefull (useful), vaine (vain), vertue (virtue), vertues (virtues), vitious (vicious), Vnion (Union), voyce (voice), voyces (voices), weaknesse (weakness), wee (we), weeke (week), whilest (while), wholy (wholly), wisdome (wisdom), worke (work), workes (works), yeeld (yield), yeelded (yielded), yeelding (yielding), yeelds (yields)
ariseth (arises), builded (built), calleth (calls), canst (can), declareth (declares), doth (does), followes (follows), giveth (gives), hath (has), liveth (lives), looketh (looks), loveth (loves), lusteth (lusts), lyeth (lies), partaketh (partakes), perceiveth (perceives), pertaineth (pertains), pleaseth (pleases), punisheth (punishes), purgeth (purges), receiveth (receives), remaineth (remains), requireth (requires), resteth (rests), saith (says), saveth (saves), seemeth (seems), serveth (serves), sheweth (shows), signifieth (signifies), sinneth (sins), speaketh (speaks), standeth (stands), suffereth (suffers), taketh (takes), teacheth (teaches), tendeth (tends), testifieth (testifies), thee (you), thine (yours), thou (you), thy (your), thyselfe (yourself), useth (uses), willeth (wills), witnesseth (witnesses), worketh (works), ye (you), yee (you)