The Westminster Larger Catechism (1648)

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Q142. What are the sins forbidden in the eighth commandment?

The sins forbidden in the eighth commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required,¹ are, theft,² robbery,³ man-stealing,⁴ and receiving any thing that is stolen;⁵ fraudulent dealing,⁶ false weights and measures,⁷ removing landmarks,⁸ injustice and unfaithfulness in contracts between man and man,⁹ or in matters of trust;¹⁰ oppression,¹¹ extortion,¹² usury,¹³ bribery,¹⁴ vexatious law-suits,¹⁵ unjust inclosures and depopulations;¹⁶ ingrossing commodities to enhance the price;¹⁷ unlawful callings,¹⁸ and all other unjust or sinful ways of taking or withholding from our neighbour what belongs to him, or of enriching ourselves;¹⁹ covetousness;²⁰ inordinate prizing and affecting worldly goods;²¹ distrustful and distracting cares and studies in getting, keeping, and using them;²² envying at the prosperity of others;²³ as likewise idleness,²⁴ prodigality, wasteful gaming; and all other ways whereby we do unduly prejudice our own outward estate,²⁵ and defrauding ourselves of the due use and comfort of that estate which God hath given us.²⁶

1) James 2:15-16; 1 John 3:17

2) Eph 4:28

3) Ps 62:10

4) 1 Tim 1:10

5) Prov 29:24; Ps 50:18

6) 1 Thess 4:6

7) Prov 11:1; Prov 20:10

8) Deut 19:14; Prov 23:10

9) Amos 8:5; Ps 37:21

10) Luke 16:10-12

11) Ezek 22:29; Lev 25:17

12) Matt 23:25; Ezek 22:12

13) Ps 15:5

14) Job 15:34

15) 1 Cor 6:6-8; Prov 3:29-30

16) Isa 5:8; Micah 2:2

17) Prov 11:26

18) Acts 19:19, 24-25

19) Job 20:19; James 5:4; Prov 21:6

20) Luke 12:15

21) 1 Tim 6:5; Col 3:2; Prov 23:5; Ps 62:10

22) Matt 6:25, 31, 34; Eccl 5:12

23) Ps 73:3; Ps 37:1, 7

24) 2 Thess 3:11; Prov 18:9

25) Prov 21:17; Prov 23:20-21; Prov 28:19

26) Eccl 4:8; Eccl 6:2; 1 Tim 5:8

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James 2:15-16

15 If a brother or sister be naked, and destitute of daily food,

16 And one of you say unto them, Depart in peace, be ye warmed and filled; notwithstanding ye give them not those things which are needful to the body; what doth it profit?

1 John 3:17

17 But whoso hath this world's good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him?

Ephesians 4:28

28 Let him that stole steal no more: but rather let him labour, working with his hands the thing which is good, that he may have to give to him that needeth.

Psalm 62:10

10 Trust not in oppression, and become not vain in robbery: if riches increase, set not your heart upon them.

1 Timothy 1:10

10 For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine;

Proverbs 29:24

24 Whoso is partner with a thief hateth his own soul: he heareth cursing, and bewrayeth it not.

Psalm 50:18

18 When thou sawest a thief, then thou consentedst with him, and hast been partaker with adulterers.

1 Thessalonians 4:6

6 That no man go beyond and defraud his brother in any matter: because that the Lord is the avenger of all such, as we also have forewarned you and testified.

Proverbs 11:1

1 A false balance is abomination to the LORD: but a just weight is his delight.

Proverbs 20:10

10 Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the LORD.

Deuteronomy 19:14

14 Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

Proverbs 23:10

10 Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless:

Amos 8:5

5 Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit?

Psalm 37:21

21 The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous showeth mercy, and giveth.

10)

Luke 16:10-12

10 He that is faithful in that which is least is faithful also in much: and he that is unjust in the least is unjust also in much.

11 If therefore ye have not been faithful in the unrighteous mammon, who will commit to your trust the true riches?

12 And if ye have not been faithful in that which is another man's, who shall give you that which is your own?

11)

Ezekiel 22:29

29 The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and have vexed the poor and needy: yea, they have oppressed the stranger wrongfully.

Leviticus 25:17

17 Ye shall not therefore oppress one another; but thou shalt fear thy God: for I am the LORD your God.

12)

Matthew 23:25

25 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess.

Ezekiel 22:12

12 In thee have they taken gifts to shed blood; thou hast taken usury and increase, and thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbours by extortion, and hast forgotten me, saith the Lord GOD.

13)

Psalm 15:5

5 He that putteth not out his money to usury, nor taketh reward against the innocent. He that doeth these things shall never be moved.

14)

Job 15:34

34 For the congregation of hypocrites shall be desolate, and fire shall consume the tabernacles of bribery.

15)

1 Corinthians 6:6-8

6 But brother goeth to law with brother, and that before the unbelievers.

7 Now therefore there is utterly a fault among you, because ye go to law one with another. Why do ye not rather take wrong? why do ye not rather suffer yourselves to be defrauded?

8 Nay, ye do wrong, and defraud, and that your brethren.

Proverbs 3:29-30

29 Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee.

30 Strive not with a man without cause, if he have done thee no harm.

16)

Isaiah 5:8

8 Woe unto them that join house to house, that lay field to field, till there be no place, that they may be placed alone in the midst of the earth!

Micah 2:2

2 And they covet fields, and take them by violence; and houses, and take them away: so they oppress a man and his house, even a man and his heritage.

17)

Proverbs 11:26

26 He that withholdeth corn, the people shall curse him: but blessing shall be upon the head of him that selleth it.

18)

Acts 19:19, 24-25

19 Many of them also which used curious arts brought their books together, and burned them before all men: and they counted the price of them, and found it fifty thousand pieces of silver.

24 For a certain man named Demetrius, a silversmith, which made silver shrines for Diana, brought no small gain unto the craftsmen;

25 Whom he called together with the workmen of like occupation, and said, Sirs, ye know that by this craft we have our wealth.

19)

Job 20:19

19 Because he hath oppressed and hath forsaken the poor; because he hath violently taken away an house which he builded not;

James 5:4

4 Behold, the hire of the labourers who have reaped down your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth: and the cries of them which have reaped are entered into the ears of the Lord of sabaoth.

Proverbs 21:6

6 The getting of treasures by a lying tongue is a vanity tossed to and fro of them that seek death.

20)

Luke 12:15

15 And he said unto them, Take heed, and beware of covetousness: for a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth.

21)

1 Timothy 6:5

5 Perverse disputings of men of corrupt minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness: from such withdraw thyself.

Colossians 3:2

2 Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth.

Proverbs 23:5

5 Wilt thou set thine eyes upon that which is not? for riches certainly make themselves wings; they fly away as an eagle toward heaven.

Psalm 62:10

10 Trust not in oppression, and become not vain in robbery: if riches increase, set not your heart upon them.

22)

Matthew 6:25, 31, 34

25 Therefore I say unto you, Take no thought for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink; nor yet for your body, what ye shall put on. Is not the life more than meat, and the body than raiment?

31 Therefore take no thought, saying, What shall we eat? or, What shall we drink? or, Wherewithal shall we be clothed?

34 Take therefore no thought for the morrow: for the morrow shall take thought for the things of itself. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof.

Ecclesiastes 5:12

12 The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much: but the abundance of the rich will not suffer him to sleep.

23)

Psalm 73:3

3 For I was envious at the foolish, when I saw the prosperity of the wicked.

Psalm 37:1, 7

1 A Psalm of David. Fret not thyself because of evildoers, neither be thou envious against the workers of iniquity.

7 Rest in the LORD, and wait patiently for him: fret not thyself because of him who prospereth in his way, because of the man who bringeth wicked devices to pass.

24)

2 Thessalonians 3:11

11 For we hear that there are some which walk among you disorderly, working not at all, but are busybodies.

Proverbs 18:9

9 He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster.

25)

Proverbs 21:17

17 He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich.

Proverbs 23:20-21

20 Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh:

21 For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags.

Proverbs 28:19

19 He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough.

26)

Ecclesiastes 4:8

8 There is one alone, and there is not a second; yea, he hath neither child nor brother: yet is there no end of all his labour; neither is his eye satisfied with riches; neither saith he, For whom do I labour, and bereave my soul of good? This is also vanity, yea, it is a sore travail.

Ecclesiastes 6:2

2 A man to whom God hath given riches, wealth, and honour, so that he wanteth nothing for his soul of all that he desireth, yet God giveth him not power to eat thereof, but a stranger eateth it: this is vanity, and it is an evil disease.

1 Timothy 5:8

8 But if any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel.

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The Westminster Larger Catechism (1648)